tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20695028152092063102024-03-12T00:52:15.588-04:00Virginia Tech DC Metro Area Thinkabit Lab STEM Education and Workforce Development ProgramsJimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comBlogger189125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-53660045897336641582024-02-27T21:06:00.001-05:002024-03-01T21:16:10.914-05:00On to the State VEX Finals<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: x-large; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgpOwMjS--Ho0krIb7y_bDZi-zdCaHr55k4tTkkSTwg64uHCL6G6FBXXxNfAlpMewmYHQF5olIzOjM14srUPFdMmtW7nkk9lgrjRqnoOWyfQvm-V_KDrER9bsOG8-PfPF1GnubIsvTZtC_G_rcYglkDKq7wcZsOgA713gcYycnnO_0qaWLj06iuIxpWkaqy" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="635" data-original-width="481" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgpOwMjS--Ho0krIb7y_bDZi-zdCaHr55k4tTkkSTwg64uHCL6G6FBXXxNfAlpMewmYHQF5olIzOjM14srUPFdMmtW7nkk9lgrjRqnoOWyfQvm-V_KDrER9bsOG8-PfPF1GnubIsvTZtC_G_rcYglkDKq7wcZsOgA713gcYycnnO_0qaWLj06iuIxpWkaqy=w182-h240" width="182" /></a></div><span style="font-size: x-large;"><p><br />Our Thinkabit Lab interns Greyson and Quinn are among the Wakefield High School Vex Robotics team that double-qualified for the State competition. </p></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiBJAQ3fr8as2E6VTrtd6iB0mx8NOa92stgZ26yh7ISTz8qcVhyh_sevw6-wgdV7xZuLcdSKock_aV9QDOupQ7FR-uCUCANZGlzMu6OK3yVSoSqiPgb9e-7TxnS7gN8_o3CoEZYX-K5iCVCoCsL53eD1U7yzGtMkY2tsQ3NSIP51iziYQLJIve1P5eg8eDL" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="448" data-original-width="694" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiBJAQ3fr8as2E6VTrtd6iB0mx8NOa92stgZ26yh7ISTz8qcVhyh_sevw6-wgdV7xZuLcdSKock_aV9QDOupQ7FR-uCUCANZGlzMu6OK3yVSoSqiPgb9e-7TxnS7gN8_o3CoEZYX-K5iCVCoCsL53eD1U7yzGtMkY2tsQ3NSIP51iziYQLJIve1P5eg8eDL=w426-h275" width="426" /></a></div><p></p><p><br /><br /><br /></p>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-76278299102552781102024-02-16T15:25:00.003-05:002024-02-16T15:25:28.933-05:00Congratulations to Dr. Andreea Sistrunk!<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhhbRFhodN1SPyZ-JHUzgl1ovS1vwWb4_Mwcam5QUcf86c-Kg3sPgDjxTJVfgW2Uhf8_lo_mOkVrUIilNnMaWFdbtqAm9MO2Roa0gVPDTn2HZ4NWjGAe9BkAuSTPe12pWB7_stdMR8stXiQYszm7csaO0F3jHSM8JgL6DSQZuZHmLOVSP1-ukzUR7XI4--e" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="947" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhhbRFhodN1SPyZ-JHUzgl1ovS1vwWb4_Mwcam5QUcf86c-Kg3sPgDjxTJVfgW2Uhf8_lo_mOkVrUIilNnMaWFdbtqAm9MO2Roa0gVPDTn2HZ4NWjGAe9BkAuSTPe12pWB7_stdMR8stXiQYszm7csaO0F3jHSM8JgL6DSQZuZHmLOVSP1-ukzUR7XI4--e" width="222" /></a></div><span style="font-size: x-large;">On February 15 </span><span style="font-size: large;">Dr. Andreea Sistrunk successfully defended her thesis concerning human-computer interaction in revising or refining school division boundaries, with future similar possible broader impacts in refining other boundaries in public decision-making.</span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">Read more <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8MfhvyUAAAAJ&hl=en" target="_blank">here</a>.</span></p><p><br /><br /></p>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-21892760995154500502024-02-13T21:53:00.019-05:002024-03-06T00:10:13.600-05:00HS students create light-powered super chip<p> </p><div class="index-module_storyTitle__G7To index-module_storyHeadlineContainer__xlBN" id="js-Story-Headline-0"><h1 class="index-module_storyHeadlineText__X9VP">Fairfax Co. students create light-powered super chip, impacting data center industry</h1><hr class="index-module_storyHeadlineRule__dIbh" /></div><div class="index-module_byline__Pmfw index-module_storyBylineContainer__uFq5" id="js-Story-Byline-undefined"><div class="index-module_bylineTextContainer__MIqD"><p class="index-module_storyBylineText__yH2g" style="--hyperlinktextcolor: #1773C7;">by Joy Wang, <a href="https://wjla.com/news/local/tj-high-school-fairfax-county-students-create-solar-computer-chip-procyon-data-center-industry-thomas-jefferson-powered-light-efficiently-silcon-valley-virginia-education?fbclid=IwAR3L4M949_RTu3zfn_JPrh3x6kIkn-NmtAwnT_fUNZytWo0Ke0RQLGq6Y_E" target="_blank">ABC 7 News</a></p><span class="index-module_storyDatelineText__wPM6">Mon, February 12th 2024 at 7:18 AM</span><div><span class="index-module_storyDatelineText__wPM6"><span class="index-module_updatedText__YSrj">Updated </span>Tue, February 13th 2024 at 8:55 AM</span></div></div></div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_lJk4-ODr_bdY4jkyGjiA8il71ktQfm7IpkXQOxUHzNB2aShxcxY-Pg6Pq6URJHKcB9OeG1A9jjr3l6SIHRSHdC_6prphyVlSN2l1g9ozxem6A5ZgMhmg0zXf_4jemId1FuKSoshGKH6RneV9VZfR_UkqSbCA6vS9pZyKWiRj7muV_qWdtjolEpsn9RYN/s1019/temp-Clipboard01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="523" data-original-width="1019" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_lJk4-ODr_bdY4jkyGjiA8il71ktQfm7IpkXQOxUHzNB2aShxcxY-Pg6Pq6URJHKcB9OeG1A9jjr3l6SIHRSHdC_6prphyVlSN2l1g9ozxem6A5ZgMhmg0zXf_4jemId1FuKSoshGKH6RneV9VZfR_UkqSbCA6vS9pZyKWiRj7muV_qWdtjolEpsn9RYN/s320/temp-Clipboard01.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p><span class="dateline">ALEXANDRIA, Va. (7News) — </span>A group of teenagers in Fairfax County have created a supercomputer chip with the goal of reinventing the computer.</p><p>“We used to skip lunch,” said Sathvik Redrouthu. “Make little structures out of popsicle sticks.”</p><p>Redrouthu
is one of the founders of Procyon, a company he started with his
friends aimed at reinventing the computer, allowing them to on laser
light rather than electricity. The group has been coming up and
brainstorming ideas since their elementary school days.</p><p>“Random products like just coming up with new things and figuring out how we can make it work,” described Pranav Vadde.</p><p>There was a machine that provided a different way to enter a password. Then there was this theoretical device.</p><p>“Something like a laser shoots stuff and then you would teleport to
where it went. So we made the laser. We didn’t make the teleportation
part,” remembered Jagadeepram Maddipatla.</p><p>These days, these high
schoolers are still working on the technology of the future. But this
time, they have an actual prototype. Their latest invention is a
supercomputer chip powered by light.</p><p>“The light coming out your
light bulb is insanely fast. It's the fastest thing in the world,”
explained Redrouthu. “So we were like, what if you just replace all that
electricity with just with light? So they're like small lasers like
inside the chip.”</p><span><a name='more'></a></span><p><br /></p><p>With this chip, information would travel faster and it allows computers to run a lot more efficiently.</p><p>Plus there’s the potential to make a positive impact on the
environment too, something that’s been a major concern around data
centers.</p><p>“The benefit of light is that it expels minimal heat,”
said Pranav Velleleth. “So you don't need to have the same cooling
infrastructure to cool your servers It's better for the environment.
Doesn’t use as much water.”</p><p>They’ve traveled the world pitching
their ideas, attending conferences and more, even getting funding from
Silicon Valley investors.</p><p>“Our parents were supportive of us going and missing a week of school and that's overall a good experience,” said Velleleth.</p><p>While other students may be looking at colleges, they’re considering taking a gap year to fully focus on this.</p><p>“We're
just really excited to see where this goes in the future,” said
Maddipatla. “We're going to just keep working on it. We don't plan on
stopping anytime soon.”</p><p>Their advice? Don’t be afraid to try and fail. There’s been a lot of ideas over the years, and they’re pretty proud of this one.</p><p>You can find out more about their work on the<a class="themeColorForLinks" href="https://www.procyonphotonics.org/home" target="_blank" title="https://www.procyonphotonics.org/home"> Procyon website here</a>.</p></div>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-71672829340336024172023-12-17T12:11:00.001-05:002024-03-06T00:16:16.089-05:00Know your cables...<p> </p><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgglab5NdS6q5yq0wysoRjVhQPyQNo36Ojna-0hLKBxC8XpnHmnJ_QsNykzV5swIDXY0242KkOSaqqIVGHFSK9mBmlq27iGRNWq_CbE6gRPIKctg9QYcqWLcqK5HGKsrtf312CUgXp9LBDPKFqsyFnwoUj6nmSKlyarugqWOnRkmhWv9aWqvDxSctcBQVPd/s563/Cables.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="563" width="522" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgglab5NdS6q5yq0wysoRjVhQPyQNo36Ojna-0hLKBxC8XpnHmnJ_QsNykzV5swIDXY0242KkOSaqqIVGHFSK9mBmlq27iGRNWq_CbE6gRPIKctg9QYcqWLcqK5HGKsrtf312CUgXp9LBDPKFqsyFnwoUj6nmSKlyarugqWOnRkmhWv9aWqvDxSctcBQVPd/w371-h400/Cables.jpg" /></a></div><br />Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-28146283622636515662023-12-08T18:29:00.001-05:002024-03-06T06:39:09.079-05:00Walt Whitman Middle School<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhcpScmHcxO0n1vylWP7JbdH6EAG_GhUzXPHPhVPWsNUpWgbdKx8chcbaXRujdFJNhygcBlKrezLkTgbrjaTXZ8rp3Vhb7JordIOZYsaPdwVtmENOhZGt1kPe4H4NlCuI8oNeGLztapKunphjGznfM1owH35DXo1V0HTOVfqyULYaYfNQ5TN3XRlcIdb3rX" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="941" data-original-width="908" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhcpScmHcxO0n1vylWP7JbdH6EAG_GhUzXPHPhVPWsNUpWgbdKx8chcbaXRujdFJNhygcBlKrezLkTgbrjaTXZ8rp3Vhb7JordIOZYsaPdwVtmENOhZGt1kPe4H4NlCuI8oNeGLztapKunphjGznfM1owH35DXo1V0HTOVfqyULYaYfNQ5TN3XRlcIdb3rX=w309-h320" width="309" /></a></div><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">Sometimes as teachers we encounter former elementary students in our Lab who are now middle school students (as in this photo with Jessica and Whitman students), and sometimes we've even encountered former students in our Lab who are now experienced teachers! </span></p><p><br /><br /></p>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-83075061498270703192023-11-28T19:51:00.008-05:002023-11-29T07:54:28.710-05:00Amazon Future Engineer Scholarships - Arlington Event December 12, 6-730pm<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ56akMLkjjG-kRcxx99Vor2M7v8Ip3Gkucqq3plfnFL6XVRtTC2Ep4SYet9zRtndl_ClktxQ71n21edJwcnRFM8HgC1U5A1r05DK9rWvcjZwYGoSsElyeHOkR2RXVdjw4_fvRSt5l4WESW6_ADsbEPElI53lIjeb2KLGT_vmDP7vTKWF42jIKQ73TTVoC/s811/AFE-Arlington-Dec2023.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="811" data-original-width="628" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ56akMLkjjG-kRcxx99Vor2M7v8Ip3Gkucqq3plfnFL6XVRtTC2Ep4SYet9zRtndl_ClktxQ71n21edJwcnRFM8HgC1U5A1r05DK9rWvcjZwYGoSsElyeHOkR2RXVdjw4_fvRSt5l4WESW6_ADsbEPElI53lIjeb2KLGT_vmDP7vTKWF42jIKQ73TTVoC/w496-h640/AFE-Arlington-Dec2023.jpg" width="496" /></a></div><br /><p></p>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-68708055793211114652023-11-17T06:41:00.022-05:002024-03-06T06:47:31.257-05:00Alexandria Public Schools has many openings<p><br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjuhzLYSB2cg5yunxlGMnRfxUUkR-eQUoIPOBZfk3TKPC0vj7qCW4RxACE_sJIbkMKUvEJ4-hIUf7sHEbpSa1_nejXtlEfT-AU4j9duq5LYrrFQ6NkU_XJs4OF37CWrodMCJe8iOMQHk7NvYBF0kd361nLengeMMGD5xwzrhAGecLAcVFVVhEX_6JfLOARB" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="779" data-original-width="1241" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjuhzLYSB2cg5yunxlGMnRfxUUkR-eQUoIPOBZfk3TKPC0vj7qCW4RxACE_sJIbkMKUvEJ4-hIUf7sHEbpSa1_nejXtlEfT-AU4j9duq5LYrrFQ6NkU_XJs4OF37CWrodMCJe8iOMQHk7NvYBF0kd361nLengeMMGD5xwzrhAGecLAcVFVVhEX_6JfLOARB=w400-h251" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p><br /><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u x1yc453h" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: medium;">Like many school systems everywhere, Alexandria City Public Schools are accepting applications for a wide variety of positions, including bus drivers and a family liaison for <a class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xt0b8zv x1fey0fg xo1l8bm" href="https://www.facebook.com/PolkElementarySchoolACPS?__cft__[0]=AZVLu-AHr6QwST7KAdW472ebhbEnMZMl2AChfQXdNfp1cYoJmhf64CC6aT3PKNvTmkDwbwmKIILVL1WI627gKChmyYcObf1xG1lXMxlRhOHw60FwFj0leunS5hIT1NThC3dWaiYjgAjz8ztqv1UK1N1PG_u12TY5-vs1HHFoQcj60kudvT2p8sZCzd3sdOFYtBgL3mB1xMYhgBQrCrqNx7qE&__tn__=-]K-y-R" role="link" tabindex="0"><span class="xt0psk2">James K. Polk Elementary School</span></a>! </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">Visit the </span><a style="font-size: large;" tabindex="-1"></a><span style="font-size: large;">ACPS job portal:</span><a class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xt0b8zv x1fey0fg" href="http://acps.tedk12.com/hire/index.aspx?fbclid=IwAR1Cy-4PX7-EmNx3G7FY3XYqeHiBVpFi4o_vO9yJpJ6GL5P5RHgYko_NYDQ" rel="nofollow noreferrer" role="link" style="font-size: large;" tabindex="0" target="_blank"> acps.tedk12.com/hire/index.aspx</a></p>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-25860136699881026902023-11-06T12:11:00.012-05:002023-11-17T09:15:26.984-05:00More on Paper Formatting - from AAAS (the journal Science)<p> from https://www.science.org/content/page/instructions-preparing-initial-manuscript</p><p><br /></p><div class="mt-3" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-top: 1rem !important;"><div class="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-left: -16px; margin-right: -16px;"><div class="col-12" style="box-sizing: border-box; flex: 0 0 100%; max-width: 100%; padding-left: 16px; padding-right: 16px; position: relative; width: 1248px;"><h1 class="main-title-2 mb-2_5x" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 2rem; letter-spacing: 0.05em; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 2.5rem !important; margin-top: 0px;">Instructions for preparing an initial manuscript</h1></div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div class="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-left: -16px; margin-right: -16px;"><div class="col-12 col-xl-8 mb-2_5x" style="box-sizing: border-box; flex: 0 0 66.6667%; margin-bottom: 2.5rem !important; max-width: 66.6667%; padding-left: 16px; padding-right: 16px; position: relative; width: 832px;"><section class="advanced-page news-article-content" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 2.25rem;"><div class="article__body" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><a id="ContentTop" name="ContentTop" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;"></a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><a href="https://www.science.org/content/page/instructions-preparing-initial-manuscript#format-main" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">Format and style of main manuscript</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><a href="https://www.science.org/content/page/instructions-preparing-initial-manuscript#format-supplementary" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">Format and style of supplementary material</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><a href="https://www.science.org/content/page/instructions-preparing-initial-manuscript#preparation-of-figures" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">Preparation of figures</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><a href="https://www.science.org/content/page/instructions-preparing-initial-manuscript#science-citation-style" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Science</em> Citation Style</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">Information on manuscript types, including length constraints, can be found on our <a href="https://www.science.org/content/page/science-information-authors" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">general information for authors</a> page. The instructions below apply to an initial submission. For a manuscript submitted after peer review and revision, the same style guidelines apply, but we require slightly different file preparation – see <a href="https://www.science.org/content/page/instructions-preparing-revised-manuscript" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">instructions specific to a revised manuscript</a>.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><a id="format-main" name="format-main" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;"></a></p><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 2.5rem 0px 1rem;">Format and style of main manuscript</h2><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">For the main manuscript, <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Science</em> prefers to receive a single, complete file that includes all figures and tables in Word’s .docx format (all versions after Word 2007 for PC and Word 2011 for Mac) – <a href="https://www.science.org/do/10.5555/page.2385607/full/science_manuscript_word_template-2023-1700144203893.docx" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">download a copy of our Word template here</a>. The supplementary materials should be submitted as a single separate file in .docx or PDF format. To aid in the organization of supplementary materials, we recommend using or following the <a href="https://www.science.org/do/10.5555/page.2385607/full/science_supplementary_materials_word_template-2022-1700144203893.docx" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">Microsoft Word template supplied here</a>.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">Click more... below or the link to the original page to see much more detailed guidance!</p><span><a name='more'></a></span><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><br /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">If you are using LaTeX, please convert your paper into .docx format. If this is not possible, please use our LaTeX template (available <a href="https://www.science.org/content/page/preparing-manuscripts-using-latex" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">here</a>) and upload a PDF version of your paper.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">Use single spacing throughout the text, tables, figure captions, and reference list. Electronic files should be formatted for US letter paper (8.5 by 11 inches). Technical terms should be defined. Symbols, abbreviations, and acronyms should be defined the first time they are used. All tables, figures, and references should be cited in numerical order. For best results, use Times New Roman font. Avoid Symbol fonts if possible.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">Manuscripts should be assembled in the following order:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">(For easy accurate assembly, <a href="https://www.science.org/do/10.5555/page.2385607/full/science_manuscript_word_template-2023-1700144203893.docx" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">download a copy of our Word template here</a>.)</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">Our manuscript submission system will attempt to extract metadata from your paper to facilitate the submission process. To improve machine readability, please identify the parts of your paper, even if you do not use our template. Please begin each section with the specific key words listed below, some of which are followed by a colon. Several of these headings are optional—for example, not all papers will include tables or supplementary materials. Please do not use paragraph breaks in the title, author list, or abstract.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Title:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Authors:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Affiliations:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />One Sentence Summary:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Abstract:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Main Text:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />References and Notes<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Acknowledgements:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />List of Supplementary Materials:</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Fig. #:</span> (Begin each figure caption with a label—e.g., “Fig. 1”— as a new paragraph)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Table #:</span> (Begin each table caption with a label—e.g., “Table 1”—as a new paragraph)</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Titles</span> should be no more than 96 characters (including spaces).</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">One-sentence summaries</span> capturing the most important point should be submitted for Research Articles and Reviews. These should be a maximum of 125 characters and should complement rather than repeat the title</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Authors</span> and their affiliated institutions, linked by superscript numbers, should be listed beneath the title on the opening page of the manuscript. Symbols are used for equal contribution, present address, and corresponding author footnotes. Always use * to indicate the corresponding author(s). Other symbols should be as follows, in order of appearance in the author list (note that the symbols are not superscripted): †, ‡, §, ¶, #, **, ††, ‡‡, etc. These symbols should appear after the numbered affiliations in the author list (e.g., T. Crow<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1,2</span>*, J. Russo<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>†). <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Science</em> does not permit the designation of co-senior authors or co-first authors or the like; standard language (“These authors contributed equally to this work”) is used instead.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Abstracts</span> of Research Articles should explain to the general reader why the research was done, what was found and why the results are important. They should start with some brief BACKGROUND information: a sentence giving a broad introduction to the field comprehensible to the general reader, and then a sentence of more detailed background specific to your study. This should be followed by an explanation of the OBJECTIVES/METHODS and then the RESULTS. The final sentence should outline the main CONCLUSIONS of the study, in terms that will be comprehensible to all readers. The Abstract is distinct from the main body of the text and thus should not be the only source of background information critical to understanding the manuscript. Please do not include citations or abbreviations in the Abstract. The abstract should be 125 words or less. For Perspectives and Policy Forums, please include a one-sentence abstract.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Main Text</span> is divided into subheadings for Research Articles and Reviews. Subheadings should be descriptive clauses, not full sentences. Three levels of subheadings may be used if warranted; please distinguish them clearly (bold for level one, bold and italic for level two, and italic for level three; each heading should be set off by a line break). The manuscript should start with a brief introduction describing the paper’s significance. The introduction should provide sufficient background information to make the article intelligible to readers in other disciplines and sufficient context so that the significance of the experimental findings is clear. Technical terms should be defined. Symbols, abbreviations, and acronyms should be defined the first time they are used. All tables and figures should be cited in numerical order. All data must be shown in either the main text or the supplementary materials – or must be available in a permanent, publicly accessible repository. Associated DOIs and repository-specific accession codes should be disclosed in the Acknowledgments. References to unpublished materials are not allowed to substantiate significant conclusions of the paper.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">References and Notes</span> are numbered in the order in which they are cited: through (i) the main text, (ii) text boxes (if any), (iii) figure and table captions, (iv) reference notes and acknowledgments, and finally (v) supplementary materials. Place citation numbers within parentheses, italicized: (<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">18</em>,<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 19</em>) (<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">18</em>–<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">20</em>) (<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">18, 20–22</em>). There should be a single reference list that combines references cited in the main paper as well as those cited in the supplementary materials, and each reference should appear only once in the list. The full reference list will be included online in the HTML version of the main paper and in the supplementary materials PDF, but references cited only in the supplementary materials will be suppressed in print and in the main-paper PDF. Each reference should have a unique number; do not combine references or embed references in notes. Any references to in-press manuscripts at the time of submission should be given a number in the text and placed, in correct sequence, in the references and notes list. We do not allow citation of personal communications, and unpublished or “in press” references are not allowed at the time of publication. We do allow citations to papers posted at preprint servers (e.g., arXiv, bioRxiv). Any dataset that has a DOI must be cited in the reference list. If a dataset (with a DOI) is cited in the Acknowledgments, its reference number should be the last one before the supplementary references, unless the dataset has been cited earlier in the paper. Do not use <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">op. cit.</em>, <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">ibid.</em>, or <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">et al.</em> (in place of the complete list of authors’ names). Notes should be used for information aimed at the specialist (e.g., procedures) or to provide definitions or further information for the general reader that are not essential to the data or arguments. Notes can cite other references (by number). Journal article references should be complete, including the full list of authors, full titles, and inclusive pagination. Article titles are displayed in the HTML versions, but not in the print or the PDF versions of papers. See <a href="https://www.science.org/content/page/instructions-preparing-initial-manuscript#science-citation-style" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Science</em> Citation Style</a> below for details of citation style.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Acknowledgments</span> should appear after the final numbered reference. This section should start by acknowledging non-author contributions and then should provide information under the following headings. <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Funding:</span> This section should include complete funding information for all authors. <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Authors contributions: </span>Authors should be identified by their initials in an itemized list of their contributions to the paper (e.g., J.S. performed experiments, Y.-S.Z. performed theoretical modeling, etc.). We encourage you to follow the <a href="https://credit.niso.org/" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">CRediT</a> taxonomy. <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Competing interests: </span>Competing interests of any of the authors must be listed here (all authors must also fill out the <a href="https://www.science.org/pb-assets/migrated/sites/default/files/2021_author_forms-1628462634.pdf" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">Conflict of Interest form</a>). Patent applications should be disclosed here as well, specifying inventor(s), institution(s), and reference number(s). When authors have no competing interests, this should also be declared. <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Data and materials availability: </span>Any restrictions on materials, such as material transfer agreements (MTAs), should be disclosed here. Accession numbers to data deposited in a public database can be listed here, though it is preferable for data and code to be archived in a permanent repository that provides a citable DOI, which should then be included in the main reference list (numbered as the last item before the supplementary references) and cited here. If all data are in the paper and supplementary materials, include the sentence “All data are available in the manuscript or the supplementary materials.” All data, code, and materials used in the analysis must be available to any researcher for purposes of reproducing or extending the analysis. For more information, please refer to the <a href="https://www.science.org/content/page/science-journals-editorial-policies#data-and-code-deposition" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">“Data and Code Deposition” section of our Editorial Policies</a>.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">List of Supplementary Materials.</span> After the Acknowledgments, list your supplementary items as shown in the example below.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Supplementary Materials</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Materials and Methods<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Supplementary Text<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Figs. S1 to S4<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Tables S1 and S2<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />References (<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">26</em>–<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">32</em>)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Movie S1</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Tables</span> should be included after the references and should supplement, not duplicate, the text. They should be called out within the text and numbered in the order of their citation in the text. The first sentence of the table caption should be a brief descriptive title. The title should be applicable to the table as a whole; it should not include citations of references, figures, or other tables. Every vertical column should have a heading, consisting of a title with the unit of measure in parentheses. Units should not change within a column. Footnotes should contain information relevant to specific entries or parts of the table, labeled with symbols in the following order: *, †, ‡, §, ¶, #, **, etc. Reference citations in a table should follow <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Science</em>’s standard format (italic number in parentheses) and refer to entries in the main reference list; full references should not be embedded in or below the table.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Figure captions</span> should be single-spaced in numerical order. A short figure title should be included in bold-face type as the first line of the caption. The title should be applicable to the figure as a whole; it should not include citations of individual figure panels, references, tables, or other figures. No single caption should be longer than 200 words. Nomenclature, abbreviations, symbols, and units used in a figure should match those used in the text. Distinct figure panels should be labeled with uppercase letters (A, B, etc.) and should each be described in order within the caption.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Figures</span> should be called out within the text and numbered in the order of their citation in the text. For initial submission, figures should be embedded directly in the .docx or PDF manuscript file. See <a href="https://www.science.org/content/page/instructions-preparing-initial-manuscript#preparation-of-figures" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">below</a> for detailed instructions on preparation of and preferred formats for your figures.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><a href="https://www.science.org/content/page/instructions-preparing-initial-manuscript#ContentTop" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">Back to Top</a></p><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 2.5rem 0px 1rem;"><a id="format-supplementary" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; word-break: break-word;"></a>Format and style of supplementary materials</h2><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Supplementary materials</span> (SM) are posted permanently at the <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Science</em> website, are linked to the manuscript, and are freely available. Supplementary materials must be essential to the scientific integrity and excellence of the paper. The supplementary materials are subject to the same editorial standards and peer-review procedures as the main paper. To aid in the organization of supplementary materials, we recommend using or following the <a href="https://www.science.org/do/10.5555/page.2385607/full/science_supplementary_materials_word_template-2022-1700144203893.docx" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">Microsoft Word template supplied here</a>.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">In general, the supplementary materials may comprise:</p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 1rem;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Materials and Methods:</span> The materials and methods section should provide sufficient information to allow replication of the study. It may be cited at relevant points in the text as “see materials and methods” or using a citation number that refers to a note in the reference list that reads “Materials and methods are available as supplementary materials.” Study design should be described in detail and descriptions of reagents and equipment should facilitate replication (for example, source and purity of reagents should be specified, there should be evidence that antibodies have been validated, and cell lines should be authenticated). Clinical and preclinical studies should include a section titled Experimental Design at the <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">beginning</em> of the materials and methods in which the objectives and design of the study, as well as prespecified components, are described. Statistical methods must be described with enough detail to enable a knowledgeable reader with access to the original data to verify the results. The values for <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">N</em>, <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">P</em>, and the specific statistical test(s) performed for each experiment should be included in the appropriate figure caption or main text. Please see our editorial policies for additional guidelines for specific types of studies, as well as further details on reporting of statistical analysis.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Supplementary Text:</span> This section should provide additional information regarding control or supplemental experiments, field sites, observations, hypotheses, etc., that bear directly on the arguments of the main paper. Further discussion or development of arguments beyond those in the main text is not permitted in supplementary text. This section can be referred to in the main text as “supplementary text” (reference note not required).</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Figures:</span> Supplementary figures are those that cannot be accommodated in the main paper but are integral to the paper’s arguments. Supplementary figures should meet the same standards as main-paper figures. These are numbered starting at 1, with the prefix “S”—e.g., fig. S1 (note the lowercase “f”). All figures should be called out in the main text. Reference notes are not required. See <a href="https://www.science.org/content/page/instructions-preparing-initial-manuscript#preparation-of-figures" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; word-break: break-word;">below</a> for detailed instructions.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Tables:</span> Supplementary tables are extensive data tables that are useful in assessing the arguments of the main paper. These are numbered starting at 1, with the prefix “S”—e.g., table S1 (note the lowercase “t”). These data should be in a standard machine-readable format (e.g., csv, tsv, json, or xml) and should be accompanied by a brief explanation of their structure and meaning.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Multimedia files: </span>Video clips should be saved in MPEG-4 (.mp4) (preferred) or QuickTime (.mov) container format using H.264 video encoding. Animated GIFs are <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">not</em> Authors should opt for the minimum frame size and number of images that are consistent with a reasonably effective on-screen presentation. Aim to stay within 640 × 480 or 1280 × 720 resolution. Do not exceed full HD frame size (1920 × 1080), as this makes the files quite large and will cause them to be transcoded/sized to an acceptable resolution. For audio files, please use .wav, .mp3, or .m4a format, with a bit rate of 160 kb/s. Video, audio, or other multimedia files should be submitted with accompanying captions (and credit information when applicable).</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">References only cited in the</span> supplementary materials should be included at the end of the reference section of the main text, and the reference numbering should continue as if the supplementary materials are a continuation of the main text, with no duplicate entries.</li></ul><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">At both initial submission and the revision stage, authors should submit the supplementary sections, materials and methods, text, tables and figures, as a single docx or PDF file that does not exceed 50 MB. The text and tables should be single spaced, figures should be individually numbered, and each figure caption should be placed immediately beneath the corresponding figure, on the same page if possible. Supplementary multimedia or large data files that cannot be included in the main supplementary materials file should be uploaded as auxiliary supplementary materials (up to 10 files, total size limited to 25 MB) or movies (limited to 50 MB each). If you have files essential to the evaluation of your manuscript that exceed these limits, please contact <a href="mailto:submit_help@aaas.org?adobe_mc=MCMID%3D01440386325462790430585073585828477020%7CMCORGID%3D242B6472541199F70A4C98A6%2540AdobeOrg%7CTS%3D1700230259" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">submit_help@aaas.org</a>. See <a href="https://www.science.org/content/page/science-information-authors#submitting-manuscripts" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">Submitting your manuscript</a> for further details on how to submit</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><a href="https://www.science.org/content/page/instructions-preparing-initial-manuscript#ContentTop" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">Back to Top</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><a id="preparation-of-figures" name="preparation-of-figures" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;"></a></p><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 2.5rem 0px 1rem;">Preparation of figures</h2><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Creating your figures:</span> It is best to create your figures as vector-based files, such as those produced by Adobe Illustrator. Vector-based files will give us maximum flexibility for sizing your figures properly without losing resolution, as they can be altered in size while maintaining high-quality resolution. <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">We <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">cannot</span> accept PowerPoint files or files that are not readable by Adobe Photoshop or Adobe Illustrator</em>. When using Photoshop, please keep all labeling on a separate, editable layer if possible. To keep file sizes reasonable, please save images at a resolution of 300 dots per inch (dpi) for initial submission. A higher resolution applies for figures submitted at the revision stage – see <a href="https://www.science.org/authors/instructions-preparing-revised-manuscript" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">instructions for preparing a revised manuscript</a>. Digital color images should be submitted as CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) rather than RGB (red, green, blue). For helpful tips, please refer to our <a href="https://www.science.org/do/10.5555/page.2385607/full/author_figure_prep_guide_2022-1700144203893.pdf" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">figure preparation guide</a>.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Paper:</span> The width of figures, when printed, will usually be 5.7 cm (2.24 inches or 1 column), 12.1 cm (4.76 inches or 2 columns), or 18.4 cm (7.24 inches or 3 columns). Bar graphs, simple line graphs, and gels may be reduced to a smaller width. Symbols and lettering should be large enough to be legible after reduction [a reduced size of about 7 points (2.5 mm) high, and not smaller than 5 points]. Avoid wide variation in type size within a single figure. In laying out information in a figure, the objective is to maximize the space given to presentation of the data. Avoid wasted white space and clutter.</p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.375rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;">General guidelines</h3><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 1rem;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">The figure’s title should be at the beginning of the figure caption, not in the figure itself. In general, explanatory text within the figure should be minimized relative to the text in the caption, because it is easier to fix typos and other errors in the caption.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Include the figure’s identifying number (e.g., “Fig. 1”) on the same manuscript page that includes the figure.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Keys to symbols, if needed, should be as simple as possible and positioned so that they do not needlessly enlarge the figure. Details can be put into the captions.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Use solid symbols for plotting data, if possible (unless data overlap or there are multiple symbols). Size symbols so that they will be distinguishable when the figure is reduced (6 point minimum). Line widths should be legible upon reduction (minimum of 0.5 point at the final reduced size).</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Panels should be set close to each other, and common axis labels should not be repeated.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Scales or axes should not extend beyond the range of the data plotted.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Use scale bars in place of, or in addition to, magnifications. Do not use minor tick marks in scales or grid lines. Avoid using <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">y</em>-axis labels on the right that repeat those on the left.</li></ul><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Color-mix and contrast considerations</span></p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 1rem;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Avoid using red and green together, as this creates problems for individuals with color-deficient vision.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Do not use colors that are similar in hue to identify different parts of a figure.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Avoid using grayscale.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Use white type and scale bars over darker areas of images.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Units should be metric and follow SI convention.</li></ul><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Typefaces and labels</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">Please observe the following guidelines for labels on graphs and figures:</p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 1rem;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Use a sans-serif font whenever possible (Helvetica is preferred).</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Simple solid or open symbols reduce well.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Label graphs on the ordinate and abscissa with the parameter or variable being measured, the units of measure in parentheses, and the scale. Scales with large or small numbers should be presented as powers of 10.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Avoid the use of light lines and screen shading. Instead, use black-and-white, hatched, and cross-hatched designs for emphasis.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Capitalize only the first letter in a label, not every word (however, proper nouns should always be capitalized).</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Units should be included in parentheses. Use SI notation. If there is room, write out variables – e.g., Pressure (MPa), Temperature (K). Seconds should be abbreviated as “s”, not “sec”; minutes should be abbreviated as “min.”; and hours should not be abbreviated.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Variables are always set in italics or as plain Greek letters (e.g., <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">P</em>, <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">T</em>, μ). The rest of the text in the figure should be plain or bold text.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">In a color figure, type atop a color region should be in bold face. Avoid using colored type.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">When figures are assembled from multiple gels or micrographs, a line or space should indicate the border between two original images.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Use leading zeros on all decimals – e.g., 0.3, 0.55 – and report only significant digits.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Use capital letters for part labels in multipart figures – A, B, C, etc. These should be <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">10 pt and bold </span>in the final figure. When possible, place part labels in the upper left corner of each figure part; if a part is an image, set labels inside the perimeter so as not to waste space.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">Avoid subpart labels within a figure part. Instead, maintain the established sequence of part labels [e.g., use A, B, C, D, E instead of A, B, C(a), C(b), C(c)]. If use of subpart labels is unavoidable, use lowercase letters (a, b, c), prime symbols, or lowercase Roman numerals (i, ii, iii). Use numbers (1, 2, 3) only to represent a time sequence of images.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;">When reproducing images that include labels with illegible computer-generated type (e.g., units for scale bars), omit such labels and present the information in the caption instead.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.688rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Sequences</span> may be reduced considerably, so the typeface in the original should be clear. There should be about 130 characters and spaces per line for a sequence occupying the full width of the printed page and about 84 characters and spaces per line for a sequence occupying two columns.</li></ul><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Modification of figures:</span> <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Science</em> does not allow certain electronic enhancements or manipulations of micrographs, gels, or other digital images. Figures assembled from multiple photographs or images, or non-concurrent portions of the same image, must clearly indicate the separate parts with lines between them. Linear adjustment of contrast, brightness, or color must be applied to an entire image or plate equally. Nonlinear adjustments must be specified in the figure caption. Selective enhancement or alteration of one part of an image is not acceptable. In addition, <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Science</em> may ask authors of papers returned for revision to provide additional documentation of their primary data.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">Permissions:</span> Images that have been obtained, reproduced, and/or adapted from elsewhere must be accompanied by proof of permission from the copyright holder, and the credit line must be provided in the manuscript. If you are unable to obtain permission, the image cannot be used. If previously published data are used to create an entirely new graphic, the source of the data must be credited in the manuscript.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><a href="https://www.science.org/content/page/instructions-preparing-initial-manuscript#ContentTop" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">Back to Top</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;"><a id="science-citation-style" name="science-citation-style" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;"></a></p><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 2.5rem 0px 1rem;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Science</em> Citation Style</h2><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.375rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;">General comments</h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">Author names: Use initials first for all authors, (separated by a space) for given names; spell out family names in full. Use commas (not “and”) to separate author names. Do not use punctuation before name suffixes (e.g., Jr., 3rd, III).</p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Journal articles</h4><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">Titles of cited articles should be included, followed by a period. Journal titles should be in italics; volume numbers should be in bold. (If there is no volume number, use the publication year in its place.) Do not place a comma before the volume number or before any parentheses. Provide the full page range, with numbers separated by an en dash. If the publication does not have continuous page numbers, use the article number (or citation number) instead of the page range. Indicate the publication year in parentheses. End each listing with a period. Do not use “<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">ibid.</em>” or “<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">op. cit.</em>”</p><h5 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Examples</h5><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">1. A. B. Author, C. D. Author, Example article title. <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Example</em> <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Journal Name</em> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">55</span>, 100–108 (2021).<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[with page range]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">2. A. B. Author, C. D. Author, Example article title. <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Example</em> <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Journal Name</em> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">346</span>, e12345 (2022).<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[with article number instead of page range]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">3. A. B. Author, C. D. Author, Example article title. <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Example</em> <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Journal Name</em> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900;">17</span> (suppl. 1), 62–66 (2020).<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[with supplement number]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">4. S. Author, M. Author, H. Author, Example article title. <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Example</em> <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Journal Name</em> DOI (2022).<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[early online publication/epub ahead of print (use DOI instead of volume and page/article numbers)]</p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Whole books</h4><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">For edited books, insert the editor name(s), followed by “Ed.,” or “Eds.,” before the title. Italicize the book title and use “title case” (see examples below). After the title, provide (in parentheses) the publisher name, edition number (if any), and year.</p><h5 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Examples</h5><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">1. G. Y. Author, <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Example Book Title</em> (Publisher, 2022).<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[basic example]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">2. X. Editor, Y. Z. Editor, Q. Editor, Eds., <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Example Book Title</em> (Publisher, 2021).<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[with editors rather than authors] </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">3. M. Author, T. Author, <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Example Book Title</em> (Publisher, ed. 3, 2022).<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[with edition number]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">4. Organization Name, <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Example Book Title</em> (Organization Name, 2021).<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[organization as both author and publisher]</p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Book chapters</h4><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">Style is as above (for whole books), except that “in” appears before the title, and the names of the editors appear after the title. The chapter title may be provided before the book title; enclose chapter titles in quotes and use initial caps. After the information in parentheses, provide the complete page number range (and/or chapter number) of the cited material.</p><h5 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Examples</h5><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">1. A. Author, Z. Author, “Optional: Example chapter title” in <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Example Book Title</em> (Publisher, 2022), pp. 300–350.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[with chapter title]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">2. T. D. Author, U. R. Author, in <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Example Book Title</em>, F. Editor, Ed. (Publisher, 2021), pp. 37–71.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[with editor]</p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Books in series</h4><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">If the book is part of a series, indicate the series title after the book title. The volume number is optional.</p><h5 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Examples</h5><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">1. A. Author, B. Author, <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Example</em> <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Book Title</em>, vol. 5 of Example Series Title (Publisher, 2022).</p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Technical reports and monographs</h4><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">The title should be in quotes and should have initial caps. After the title, provide the following in parentheses: report number (if applicable), publisher name, and year. A URL may be provided as well. Monographs in series may be treated as journals.</p><h5 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Examples</h5><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">1. G. B. Author, “Example report title” (Tech. Rep. ABCD-12-34, Publisher, 2022).<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[with report number]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">2. F. Author, “Example report title” (Publisher, 2020); URL.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[with URL]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">3. “Example report title” (Tech. Rep. 83902, Publisher, 2021).<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[no author]</p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Meetings, conferences, and proceedings</h4><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">If published, style is same as for book references. If unpublished, include the title of meeting, location, date(s), and sponsoring organization (if not part of the meeting name). Abstracts may be cited by abstract number (if applicable).</p><h5 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Examples</h5><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">1. A. Author, X. Author, G. Author, in <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Proceedings of the 2019 Example Conference on Interesting Topic</em> (Publisher, 2022), pp. 6645–6649.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[published]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">2. A. Z. Author, “Example conference paper” in <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Proceedings of the 2021 Example Conference on Interesting Topic</em> (Publisher, 2021), abstr. 875.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[published, paper title and abstract number provided]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">3. M. Author, paper presented at the 25th Annual Meeting of Example Organization, Washington, DC, 10 to 13 October 2022.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[unpublished]</p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Theses</h4><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">Name the university but not the degree. Name the city if the university could be mistaken for another. It is optional to include the thesis title.</p><h5 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Examples</h5><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">1. B. Author, thesis, Example University (2021).<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[no title]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">2. R. Author, “Example title on an interesting topic,” thesis, Example University, Washington, DC (2020).<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[with title and city]</p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Preprints</h4><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">For arXiv, embed the URL in arXiv:identifier, but do not include the word “Preprint.” For bioRxiv and others, include “[Preprint]” after the article identifier, and insert the DOI (preferably in URL format) at the end.</p><h5 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Examples</h5><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">1. J. V. Author, E. Author, D. F. Author, Example preprint title. <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1111.12345" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">arXiv:1111.12345</a> [category] (2021).<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[arXiv]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">2. D. Z. Author, K. Author, U. Author, M. R. Author, Example preprint title. bioRxiv 0123456 [Preprint] (2020). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/0123456" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">https://doi.org/10.1101/0123456</a>.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />[bioRxiv]</p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Datasets</h4><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">List the version number, if applicable. Provide a DOI or other persistent identifier (preferably in URL format).</p><h5 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Example</h5><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">1. D. Author, Example dataset title, version 1, Example Repository Name (2021); <a href="https://doi.org/10.12345/ABC1234567" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">https://doi.org/10.12345/ABC1234567</a>.</p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Software</h4><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">Include the version number (if applicable). Provide a DOI (preferably in URL format) or other persistent identifier. If a persistent identifier does not exist, include a URL to where the software exists. If there is an article that describes the software, it should be cited in addition to the software itself. Do not cite the article instead of the software. A consensus guide to citing software, by a working group of multiple publishers, can be found <a href="https://f1000research.com/articles/9-1257" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">here</a>.</p><h5 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Example</h5><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.625rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;">1. A. Author, B. Author, Example software title, version 2, Example Repository Name (2022); <a href="https://doi.org/10.12345/ABC000999" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--secondary),var(--secondary)); background-position: 0px 90%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ca2015; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;">https://doi.org/10.12345/ABC000999</a>.</p></div></section></div></div></div>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-42151172578822956942023-11-01T23:09:00.001-04:002023-11-17T08:10:59.984-05:00Morgan State STEM Expo, November 18, 9am-3pm.<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7oFIndWkGoBLNTIpcqGlXCXd3H5TCwPoqLIAnZ_xSol8lK6L23AvwqZ4lSpOx5FhJx4vZ3pP1UpMXvUeij-EIjnoI8FleNh8rjk7nKaeoUX5GPuOxqdGmVkuk-9u6R4hpLVnRy2LbBDk-Sj-iQH27CToebC52QywdSor_SoVdCr3yRA_8XHlBWMTgV45N/s790/MSU_STEM_Expo_Exhibitor_Flyer%20V3.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="790" data-original-width="616" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7oFIndWkGoBLNTIpcqGlXCXd3H5TCwPoqLIAnZ_xSol8lK6L23AvwqZ4lSpOx5FhJx4vZ3pP1UpMXvUeij-EIjnoI8FleNh8rjk7nKaeoUX5GPuOxqdGmVkuk-9u6R4hpLVnRy2LbBDk-Sj-iQH27CToebC52QywdSor_SoVdCr3yRA_8XHlBWMTgV45N/w313-h400/MSU_STEM_Expo_Exhibitor_Flyer%20V3.jpg" width="313" /></a></div><b><i> </i></b><p></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>MSU Student Union Building! </i></b>This is different than last year but the same as the pre-Covid events.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">For a full-size PDF of this poster, <br /><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/13Nr07RRvVljhYpbo3wIKeTKlW4oQHE-B/view?usp=drive_link" target="_blank">click here</a></b>.</span></p><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-70953649107816108462023-10-31T07:00:00.007-04:002024-03-06T07:02:58.533-05:00 1940's reusable shopping list. What might you invent?<p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjOyEGNqTrlLSvAw-XmU0elSPxwLEQ_WygGr2d1vecl4oDu_N5d5B5I3HvTQ1XD1r0GORQAH-akBA89_PBvVNsMK1VJmFDEQtnPHieNURetnYiPMglfAa2Fibka56DTIG3PT39IDK7L4KVl4f4EXwX8Z4cpUKsM0pad3rRXzJj_IQ13PCQNocvXvM-FVGBe" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="516" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjOyEGNqTrlLSvAw-XmU0elSPxwLEQ_WygGr2d1vecl4oDu_N5d5B5I3HvTQ1XD1r0GORQAH-akBA89_PBvVNsMK1VJmFDEQtnPHieNURetnYiPMglfAa2Fibka56DTIG3PT39IDK7L4KVl4f4EXwX8Z4cpUKsM0pad3rRXzJj_IQ13PCQNocvXvM-FVGBe=w323-h400" width="323" /></a></div><br /><p></p>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-86882811777406706602023-10-30T00:03:00.009-04:002024-03-06T07:15:12.825-05:00Using earbuds or earphones 3.5 connector with micro:bits and alligator clips<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4n-rhtgifBmGp9Mmf5vyZiUzSJcnJQgdnGyafM5K-lQneIcxWOgl_H2DAG33tFD1h_KNFkUC52JBmxuG72jyg1MMz-SLVzxXi2K4aIWyTCRRF1FOPervuRqNpqIaYqE6NgAWjizJxhgbXw9hmLOojVyJF4bG5ZIqtt6q5RyCkr7kWpyTGoV9nR5xg0ooi/s978/3%205%20mm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="511" data-original-width="978" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4n-rhtgifBmGp9Mmf5vyZiUzSJcnJQgdnGyafM5K-lQneIcxWOgl_H2DAG33tFD1h_KNFkUC52JBmxuG72jyg1MMz-SLVzxXi2K4aIWyTCRRF1FOPervuRqNpqIaYqE6NgAWjizJxhgbXw9hmLOojVyJF4bG5ZIqtt6q5RyCkr7kWpyTGoV9nR5xg0ooi/w400-h209/3%205%20mm.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><br /><br /><p></p>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-31761444531357074002023-09-29T21:22:00.001-04:002023-10-24T21:23:44.038-04:00Arlington Career, Technical and Adult Education wins multiple Statewide Excellence Awards<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjTciSa1EjU5-rY2LOmzBoFdazdKlS59x45IkBQB47nZppL80JI1Od0B0fqPDu7k-9S13WK-r8vHjOKItVROOAmC1-LS1xpS_Tb_U0xbYDmldAQMyC7p31MC2Ye2p6hNAzLjoYj9hvMkG7ua_DMKTx8OFoXkcu5qD0uSCrQongXcNxXURBZvMNW8dOgw-xF" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="311" data-original-width="512" height="287" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjTciSa1EjU5-rY2LOmzBoFdazdKlS59x45IkBQB47nZppL80JI1Od0B0fqPDu7k-9S13WK-r8vHjOKItVROOAmC1-LS1xpS_Tb_U0xbYDmldAQMyC7p31MC2Ye2p6hNAzLjoYj9hvMkG7ua_DMKTx8OFoXkcu5qD0uSCrQongXcNxXURBZvMNW8dOgw-xF=w472-h287" width="472" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;">The Arlington Public Schools Career, Technical and Adult Education Advisory Committee received multiple awards in the Commonwealth of Virginia's statewide Creating Excellence Awards.</div><p></p><p style="text-align: left;">The following Arlington programs were recognized:</p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>The Marketing Program @Wakefield HS in the category of Exemplary Secondary Program Award.</li><li>The CTAE Advisory Committee in the category of Secondary Advisory Committee Award.</li><li>The ACE Mentoring Program in the category of Secondary Business and Industry Partnership Award.</li></ul><p></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p><br style="text-align: left;" /></p></div>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-72111384707556232023-08-04T20:11:00.001-04:002023-11-17T08:12:21.177-05:00Formatting a research paper<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7oFIndWkGoBLNTIpcqGlXCXd3H5TCwPoqLIAnZ_xSol8lK6L23AvwqZ4lSpOx5FhJx4vZ3pP1UpMXvUeij-EIjnoI8FleNh8rjk7nKaeoUX5GPuOxqdGmVkuk-9u6R4hpLVnRy2LbBDk-Sj-iQH27CToebC52QywdSor_SoVdCr3yRA_8XHlBWMTgV45N/s790/MSU_STEM_Expo_Exhibitor_Flyer%20V3.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="790" data-original-width="616" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7oFIndWkGoBLNTIpcqGlXCXd3H5TCwPoqLIAnZ_xSol8lK6L23AvwqZ4lSpOx5FhJx4vZ3pP1UpMXvUeij-EIjnoI8FleNh8rjk7nKaeoUX5GPuOxqdGmVkuk-9u6R4hpLVnRy2LbBDk-Sj-iQH27CToebC52QywdSor_SoVdCr3yRA_8XHlBWMTgV45N/w313-h400/MSU_STEM_Expo_Exhibitor_Flyer%20V3.jpg" width="313" /></a></div><b><i> </i></b><p></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>MSU Student Union Building! </i></b>This is different than last year but the same as the pre-Covid events.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">For a full-size PDF of this poster, <br /><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/13Nr07RRvVljhYpbo3wIKeTKlW4oQHE-B/view?usp=drive_link" target="_blank">click here</a></b>.</span></p><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-48821272437082668362023-06-02T15:09:00.006-04:002023-07-15T15:10:56.598-04:00Virginia Tech DC Area Thinkabit Lab Summer 2023 Internships<p><span style="font-family: arial;"> DEADLINE: June 18, 2023, 11:59am</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh5MeKXmYYaNKJ42J1txpqZq6FQ7bEjezQcXBHSozkYauqpz8dkbQRVi0x4utUS4IQPpgCB_yT0sKYBXJ-S-XM2mSe6QqSEk65RGXYDKcM-m8iNPihTHWXqoCGt3_XxNt1NrvD15m1zKJDHMMtIUarQpMXyuyHx7L0PNQIlquhYWUvgWsKfBUuLWMhIxrE5" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="Ben - 2019 intern" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="545" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh5MeKXmYYaNKJ42J1txpqZq6FQ7bEjezQcXBHSozkYauqpz8dkbQRVi0x4utUS4IQPpgCB_yT0sKYBXJ-S-XM2mSe6QqSEk65RGXYDKcM-m8iNPihTHWXqoCGt3_XxNt1NrvD15m1zKJDHMMtIUarQpMXyuyHx7L0PNQIlquhYWUvgWsKfBUuLWMhIxrE5=w200-h183" title="Ben - 2019 intern" width="200" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;">Virginia Tech DC Area STEM internships are open to students in 10th through 12 grade. Previous high school interns or Thinkabit Lab camp participants are welcome to participate as undergraduates. Credit or stipends can be arranged through your school or school division CTE programs.</span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">Internship Description</span><span style="font-family: arial; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> (you'll be encourages to make changes based on your preferred areas of focus - Biological, BioMedical, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Computer Science, Data Science, Environmental, Health and Medical, IT, Physics, Public Policy):</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Virginia Tech Physical Computing and Maker Education Lab, </b></span><b>Summer 2023</b> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Falls Church, Virginia </span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Support a 2400 square foot physical computing and maker-space lab for school-aged students and adults at the Northern Virginia Center graduate student campus in Falls Church, VA. Assist lab leaders in maintaining equipment and developing and implementing STEM education programs for schools, administrators, teachers and students in technical career </span><span style="background-color: transparent;">exploration, microelectronics, engineering design processes, Arduino programming (C, C++), micro:bit programming (Microsoft MakeCode, Python, Javascript), RoboCrafting (arts-integrated creative robotics), VEX Robotics, and IOT (Internet of Things)/SmartCities and AI initiatives. Support integrated environment and technology projects, and also pursue independent or small-team projects. Teach students of all ages from elementary school groups to senior citizen lifelong learning programs.</span></span></p><div dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><i>Schedule for the upcoming weeks. </i></b> This may help you determine which days you plan to visit in-person (ideally 2 or more days per week, unless we make other arrangements). </span></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">June 26 - Virtual or In-person (restricted to 10-2)</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">June 27</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;">- Virtual or In-person (restricted to 10-2)</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">June 28</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;">- Virtual or In-person (restricted to 10-3) - high school group visit at 2pm</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">June 29</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;">- Virtual or In-person 9 - 3 (school group visit from 930 to 130pm)</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">June 30</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;">- Virtual work only</span></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></blockquote></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 3 - Virtual or In-person (restricted to 10-2)</span></div></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 4 - Holiday</span></div></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 5 - </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Virtual or In-person 9 - 3 (school group visit from 930 to 130pm)</span></div></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 6 - Virtual or In-person 9 - 3 (school group visit from 930 to 130pm)</span></div></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 7 - Virtual work only</span></div></div></blockquote><div dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 10 - Virtual or In-person (restricted to 10-2)</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 11 - Virtual or In-person (restricted to 10-2)</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 12 - Virtual or In-person (restricted to 10-3) - high school group visit at 2pm</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 13 - Virtual or In-person 9 - 3 (school group visit from 930 to 130pm)</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 14 - Virtual work only</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 17 - Virtual or In-person (restricted to 10-2)</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 18 - Virtual or In-person 9 - 3</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 19 - Virtual or In-person 9 - 3 </span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 20 - Virtual or In-person 9 - 3</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 21 - Virtual work only </span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 24 - Virtual or In-person 9 - 3</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 25 - Virtual or In-person 9 - 3</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 26 - Virtual or In-person 9 - 3</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 27 - Virtual or In-person 9 - 3</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 28 - Virtual work only</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">July 31 - Virtual or In-person 9 - 3</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">August 1 - Virtual or In-person 9 - 3</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">August 2 - Virtual or In-person 9 - 3</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">August 3 - Virtual or In-person 9 - 3</span></div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">August 4 - Virtual work only</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Beyond August 4 - We'll talk about any additional ideas you might be interested in for Fall.</span></div></div></blockquote></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Send an email to STEM@vt.edu.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><br /></p>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-70337843474436423772023-05-17T20:39:00.043-04:002023-05-22T20:54:49.970-04:00Another big step...<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCoZODKBGZceolGO9Xv2nXbhmTOjY9nS5kgyVPuIO0CWai8KdRCnPjBgP98Sbz-CC--UBEQuV3rqQMS7fQ511dKJFt5h1_gw__t6n2hsixQ2Rh--iD1_E0huS2GOOiqocjeXaZGd8MENl9nPxaVCNe7q6SePQ3DUUFsIKGQRf_Tb_9ZMVbunfp9wh6OQ/s680/andreea-Prelims.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="510" data-original-width="680" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCoZODKBGZceolGO9Xv2nXbhmTOjY9nS5kgyVPuIO0CWai8KdRCnPjBgP98Sbz-CC--UBEQuV3rqQMS7fQ511dKJFt5h1_gw__t6n2hsixQ2Rh--iD1_E0huS2GOOiqocjeXaZGd8MENl9nPxaVCNe7q6SePQ3DUUFsIKGQRf_Tb_9ZMVbunfp9wh6OQ/w400-h300/andreea-Prelims.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><p></p><p>Andreea Sistrunk was a Master's-level Graduate Assistant in our Lab during its first year. </p><p>Last week she passed her Doctoral Research prelims explaining one of her most interesting papers on the Loudoun County school boundary "redistricting" project her team created to engage the public in some of the most difficult decisions made my school officials.</p><p>In June she presents a related paper at the International Human Centered Computing Conference in Norway.</p>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-47239466689464881412023-03-01T14:16:00.003-05:002023-03-01T14:16:39.702-05:00March 25 Open House / STEM Expo Flyer (for sharing)<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqCRtxQPj8qp-1ef9o_NnyRgMIm_UWsCF9WaXi2FFhH8Vz_kc7XSeCn_mXNmBki32ZwKVPQ19VskmOB0GKBZzysGo95NUWzikQLgc13rkLZUUVngpyLi1TvEVcpmbvoQdqotbj_UFkcoAerxYN19_8wWPbWBkTQ3qx9b8hoyd1zWly18eDr8mv2UA0ew/s1920/Modern%20Technology%20Background%20Linktree%20Background%20(1).png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1920" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqCRtxQPj8qp-1ef9o_NnyRgMIm_UWsCF9WaXi2FFhH8Vz_kc7XSeCn_mXNmBki32ZwKVPQ19VskmOB0GKBZzysGo95NUWzikQLgc13rkLZUUVngpyLi1TvEVcpmbvoQdqotbj_UFkcoAerxYN19_8wWPbWBkTQ3qx9b8hoyd1zWly18eDr8mv2UA0ew/w640-h426/Modern%20Technology%20Background%20Linktree%20Background%20(1).png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p></p>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-30031418073757974162023-02-21T16:58:00.001-05:002023-02-26T16:59:16.485-05:00STEM Expo (Robotics, AI, Virtual Reality, Physical Computing, Careers)<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhHEZkydU7uLrU0fY-wh0r2deUCvh54YBKoTlCRqK0CB97Cg0cQbpeiQl3ZiEerQrVpXgZWdOpKwTzImUxuSOdrJX10pBQnatj3qlUp2t4GacZZ536Jxp-aiIB2NIHuX3hAwv4R-Q50ZTi51Mc5UndiLqVcjczj15Q_dqwG0twez-VA97_0WaUiG6S0Tg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="283" data-original-width="383" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhHEZkydU7uLrU0fY-wh0r2deUCvh54YBKoTlCRqK0CB97Cg0cQbpeiQl3ZiEerQrVpXgZWdOpKwTzImUxuSOdrJX10pBQnatj3qlUp2t4GacZZ536Jxp-aiIB2NIHuX3hAwv4R-Q50ZTi51Mc5UndiLqVcjczj15Q_dqwG0twez-VA97_0WaUiG6S0Tg=w242-h178" width="242" /></a></div><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: clear; color: #222222; font-size: small;">The Northern Virginia STEM Learning Ecosystem and Virginia Tech in the DC Area want to invite you to participate in a STEM-focused community outreach emphasizing Physical Computing, Robotics, Mobile App design, and more.</span><p></p><div style="background-color: clear; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><ul><li>Saturday, March 25, 9am to 1pm</li><li>Northern Virginia Center <br />(W. Falls Church Metro)</li><li>No charges, fees, admission costs, or <br />parking costs for exhibitors or participants</li><li>Proposed target ages for participants is <br />age 8 to adult</li></ul></div><div style="background-color: clear; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjIVEXa8L53rw0oZ2qojAQW6d8g-cWdSQgFawwcFXiCKoRJAjm_PpcCrX72lupfMJnv0C6LEnpRzAifO6gSTaPdR7ltO6RuErhqfAt_ESLDbAKdnaLt1bCIAjBA7ufIe5K35jKVtIFT1ep8HYhZlIAMnPjLbQHRMCtdGiteh5sr_bQuuOL6kCk9WEre8Q" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="285" data-original-width="375" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjIVEXa8L53rw0oZ2qojAQW6d8g-cWdSQgFawwcFXiCKoRJAjm_PpcCrX72lupfMJnv0C6LEnpRzAifO6gSTaPdR7ltO6RuErhqfAt_ESLDbAKdnaLt1bCIAjBA7ufIe5K35jKVtIFT1ep8HYhZlIAMnPjLbQHRMCtdGiteh5sr_bQuuOL6kCk9WEre8Q=w219-h166" width="219" /></a></div><br /><div><b>We are still welcoming our collaborators, and inquiries from others. </b> </div><div><br /></div>We hope to do this again in the Fall, probably excluding the messy (and expensive to clean) K-3 things of past years, and then create an annual event leading to when our Northern Virginia Center programs migrate to the new Innovation Campus scheduled to open in Fall 2024.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /><br /></div></div>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-49395627970151244612022-12-01T07:19:00.003-05:002023-01-23T08:20:15.379-05:00This week: 2023 Virginia STEM+C competetion<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />December 3. 9am-12 noon Meeting Link: www.tinyurl.com/BCVirtualSeminar</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj38ony28a-nKQp_moh3DotT2zgWtj4tLa2ToQ2nDUSQYN7z0aHsvihWKHGyYGc-xS37DBOEGH5IGxbm8_aq2qj88q5l7fVT_BkNroP1boPjlH_NQi95KfGcqQ50xaNLwuJ3my5YMDktohnKxIwedaA0fOV12yFGDyWzCk4r3QVVFl9Vwe8FIyKr_aWkg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="409" data-original-width="312" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj38ony28a-nKQp_moh3DotT2zgWtj4tLa2ToQ2nDUSQYN7z0aHsvihWKHGyYGc-xS37DBOEGH5IGxbm8_aq2qj88q5l7fVT_BkNroP1boPjlH_NQi95KfGcqQ50xaNLwuJ3my5YMDktohnKxIwedaA0fOV12yFGDyWzCk4r3QVVFl9Vwe8FIyKr_aWkg=w488-h640" width="488" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Meeting Link: www.tinyurl.com/BCVirtualSeminar</div><br /><p></p>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-33713894840125180692022-11-25T08:25:00.001-05:002023-01-23T08:29:22.199-05:00Free Cybersecurity Basics Course for Virginia public school educators<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO-WaB6ICSOI79q3lkvmHGDfmdytRTO4w8pMUxAXy5GTUqfLKu4atfnT-kTVMQ82_QGoFW15bAesQdNlLcKugt3yADHXH2Au2hjiL8CuYRlPbpSE8LGZRgBK8aVHInh7Z4ZUzFji2wlghsPqFfgoEpu8f_aALeEa8tZE8LuMTG6rYIUn5QrCYuTpr5aw/s369/virtual-virginia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="120" data-original-width="369" height="65" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO-WaB6ICSOI79q3lkvmHGDfmdytRTO4w8pMUxAXy5GTUqfLKu4atfnT-kTVMQ82_QGoFW15bAesQdNlLcKugt3yADHXH2Au2hjiL8CuYRlPbpSE8LGZRgBK8aVHInh7Z4ZUzFji2wlghsPqFfgoEpu8f_aALeEa8tZE8LuMTG6rYIUn5QrCYuTpr5aw/w200-h65/virtual-virginia.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><h1 class="has-m-large-font-size" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--m-large) !important; font-weight: var(--wp--custom--font-weight--semi-bold); line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--heading); margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: var(--wp--custom--font-weight--bold);"><br /></span></h1><h1 class="has-m-large-font-size" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--m-large) !important; font-weight: var(--wp--custom--font-weight--semi-bold); line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--heading); margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: var(--wp--custom--font-weight--bold);"><br /></span></h1><div><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--m-large); font-weight: var(--wp--custom--font-weight--bold);">Virginia Cyber Range + VVA</span></div><h2 style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--max-42); font-weight: var(--wp--custom--font-weight--semi-bold); line-height: var(--wp--custom--line-height--heading); margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: var( --wp--style--block-gap ); margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 20px !important;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: var(--wp--custom--font-weight--bold);">Free self-paced Cybersecurity Basics Course for Educators<br /><br /></span></h2><figure class="wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: table; float: right; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: var( --wp--style--block-gap ); margin-bottom: 30px; margin-inline: 2em 0px; margin-left: 30px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 20px !important;"><img alt="A woman programming on a computer with 3 displays" class="wp-image-1170" height="202" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px" src="https://virtualvirginia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/woman-cybersecurity-1024x645.jpeg" srcset="https://virtualvirginia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/woman-cybersecurity-1024x645.jpeg 1024w, https://virtualvirginia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/woman-cybersecurity-300x189.jpeg 300w, https://virtualvirginia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/woman-cybersecurity-768x484.jpeg 768w, https://virtualvirginia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/woman-cybersecurity-1536x968.jpeg 1536w, https://virtualvirginia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/woman-cybersecurity-2048x1290.jpeg 2048w" style="border-radius: inherit; box-sizing: inherit; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom;" width="320" /></figure><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: var( --wp--style--block-gap ); margin-bottom: 30px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Educators in the Commonwealth can gain a foundational understanding of cybersecurity through a new professional learning course from <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: var(--wp--custom--font-weight--bold);">Virtual Virginia</span> and the <a href="https://www.virginiacyberrange.org/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid var(--wp--preset--color--blue); box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: var(--wp--custom--font-weight--semi-bold); text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s;">Virginia Cyber Range.</a> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;"><img src="https://www.virtualvirginia.org/images/new-tab.png" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 12px;" /></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: var( --wp--style--block-gap ); margin-bottom: 30px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: var( --wp--style--block-gap ); margin-bottom: 30px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: var(--wp--custom--font-weight--bold);"><a href="https://virginialearning.catalog.instructure.com/courses/intro-to-cyber-security-with-virginia-cyber-range-2022-2023" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="border-bottom: 2px solid var(--wp--preset--color--blue); box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: var(--wp--custom--font-weight--semi-bold); text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s;" target="_blank">Intro to Cybersecurity</a></span> course is available at no cost to Virginia public school educators. Participants will learn cybersecurity concepts and the basics of using the Virginia Cyber Range resource, which allows educators and students to safely complete hands-on cybersecurity exercises in virtual environments.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: var( --wp--style--block-gap ); margin-bottom: 30px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Participants who successfully complete the course will earn a certificate worth three hours of professional learning.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: var( --wp--style--block-gap ); margin-bottom: 30px; margin-top: 0px;"><br /></p><div class="wp-container-10 wp-block-buttons" style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; gap: var( --wp--style--block-gap, 0.5em ); margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: var( --wp--style--block-gap );"><div class="wp-block-button" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; margin: 0px;"><a class="wp-block-button__link" href="https://virginialearning.catalog.instructure.com/courses/intro-to-cyber-security-with-virginia-cyber-range-2022-2023" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue); border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue); border-radius: 8px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; box-shadow: none; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium); font-weight: var(--wp--custom--font-weight--semi-bold); padding: 10px 25px; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s; word-break: break-word;" target="_blank">Enroll in Intro to Cybersecurity <img src="https://www.virtualvirginia.org/images/new-tab-white.png" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 12px;" /></a></div></div><p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: var( --wp--style--block-gap ); margin-bottom: 30px; margin-top: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: var( --wp--style--block-gap ); margin-bottom: 30px; margin-top: 0px;">For questions about Intro to Cybersecurity and other professional learning opportunities, contact Professional Learning Coordinator Steven Sproles at <a href="mailto:steven.sproles@virtualva.org" style="border-bottom: 2px solid var(--wp--preset--color--blue); box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: var(--wp--custom--font-weight--semi-bold); text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s;">steven.sproles@virtualva.org</a>.</p>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-73826207185068667612022-11-02T08:24:00.001-04:002023-01-23T08:24:38.742-05:00STEAM PLUS 2- Day Seminar Series for Middle and High School Students<p><a href="https://www.eventbrite.com/e/steam-plus-2-day-seminar-series-for-middle-and-high-school-students-tickets-436367666437?fbclid=IwAR1TBYggfwMLeRCYwvamryZ5pzQfZ3E_IyE0fx3pKck2_f6ol6hzJzvsIxk" target="_blank"> Sign up here</a>. Multiple dates !</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhESBjBSmZEtpMZGhxTym_Tt1xu_oaLW2czFc5s1_qsiepZAc2X-vzG-L0itRNdsQXQEBNbZBu8kxM0xNS2ThmLbWlCZOlgwTVHj-eCPGeeU39Vx49ejOS-tEU6I_IGWl5GUG-lWfYDukvBSKsfMeFf86Ittkx-QvkFrhDzZxmafZsx_xEH-P1Ru7l8vg/s697/temp-delete-315287321_1862941277383136_7449507188757894760_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="697" data-original-width="526" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhESBjBSmZEtpMZGhxTym_Tt1xu_oaLW2czFc5s1_qsiepZAc2X-vzG-L0itRNdsQXQEBNbZBu8kxM0xNS2ThmLbWlCZOlgwTVHj-eCPGeeU39Vx49ejOS-tEU6I_IGWl5GUG-lWfYDukvBSKsfMeFf86Ittkx-QvkFrhDzZxmafZsx_xEH-P1Ru7l8vg/w482-h640/temp-delete-315287321_1862941277383136_7449507188757894760_n.jpg" width="482" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-38614355349927431882022-08-12T10:23:00.006-04:002022-08-12T10:29:31.172-04:00Hospitality and Tourism Management Conference - IoT and Automation<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiIm7g1xp84Yri0CvMPvPvrYx9fWltxQSncHoDsfwzk5Hs7p8lizEqYhkfUwqgjtsfpPUku9WdtgZWs3LeJnSGUFaz_FTwjV0Noe_pbICPyF7db-o6HaOEyVYemMidhisPzrlQXXdkpe-rhczMUfbIBJaM40bq5tCOCL5Qcx4nHv1Alf_q7pGUUSYOKQ/s4000/20220806_114710.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1868" data-original-width="4000" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiIm7g1xp84Yri0CvMPvPvrYx9fWltxQSncHoDsfwzk5Hs7p8lizEqYhkfUwqgjtsfpPUku9WdtgZWs3LeJnSGUFaz_FTwjV0Noe_pbICPyF7db-o6HaOEyVYemMidhisPzrlQXXdkpe-rhczMUfbIBJaM40bq5tCOCL5Qcx4nHv1Alf_q7pGUUSYOKQ/w400-h186/20220806_114710.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> Led by our research assistant Murchana, we supported our Pamplin MBA Program in Hospitality and Tourism Management at the <a href="https://www.chrie.org/2022-ichrie-conference" target="_blank">2022 Annual International CHRIE Summer Conference</a> August 3-6, 2022 at the Renaissance Washington, D.C. Downtown Hotel. <p></p><p>We featured a variety of examples of IoT automation including small Arduino shield and micro:bit Cyberbot robots and a smart mirror built with a Raspberry Pi processor, and also a variety of virtual experiences through Oculus headsets. We hoped to create discussions of the future of automation in the hospitality industry and graduate student and faculty perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes. </p>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-21995586299888965072022-08-05T13:59:00.032-04:002022-08-12T10:04:57.777-04:00Final Products and Presentations Day<p> Photos from the last day with finished products (and many that were almost finished). </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgubzyMforc5qmeg8WNOQfAfjRgS7K0V9bSzmebiDMlqZYTXFyysoFHDUn5nJ9lr6UFIGUujS4_dYtclYmECvJQlIhTBT7tnqhlaqZwIKYprkVesPF_IwrmrPO0Y6ks2RLP3gjIVxcJgTGecz4-_sCCgTANIkr0Q1GWM1Cq3gOqGNWnWSrSsaLSeurtTQ/s4000/20220804_114809.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1868" data-original-width="4000" height="149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgubzyMforc5qmeg8WNOQfAfjRgS7K0V9bSzmebiDMlqZYTXFyysoFHDUn5nJ9lr6UFIGUujS4_dYtclYmECvJQlIhTBT7tnqhlaqZwIKYprkVesPF_IwrmrPO0Y6ks2RLP3gjIVxcJgTGecz4-_sCCgTANIkr0Q1GWM1Cq3gOqGNWnWSrSsaLSeurtTQ/s320/20220804_114809.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaxRbcKF-o9yW9_0f-Sy5Rl3p9_oeMICVZBs3eqiksem18CnqBn5k-EQPy1wQ3SQLNYaP7kZz1a0H8PPR1MzzaqRq8is4ANNCFUY4H89lRFtyH754TOXKiwRhoC7OupwZ-u22EWFSDi3CdGBq7VMcZI0qq24LcmqeqfCPlxUqT0NWuiWU1pBwEY99arA/s4000/20220804_160754.jpg" style="clear: right; display: inline !important; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="1868" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaxRbcKF-o9yW9_0f-Sy5Rl3p9_oeMICVZBs3eqiksem18CnqBn5k-EQPy1wQ3SQLNYaP7kZz1a0H8PPR1MzzaqRq8is4ANNCFUY4H89lRFtyH754TOXKiwRhoC7OupwZ-u22EWFSDi3CdGBq7VMcZI0qq24LcmqeqfCPlxUqT0NWuiWU1pBwEY99arA/s320/20220804_160754.jpg" width="149" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifl2_ph-xsqJPyRJqcC6L8SBlCirl5navAS7DwupkRC9bTwItrKtRRDuGc_pa0KlOR8N528-cV7DFKzQrlsG7wfiu-yoeAJfRO-GN3ERwnL7mO8JP2HiZY65Zh3rhOlctVt3yVaMrDLx9fXDKDtW0BZPWztXAPNLlZLw2XodYS_aTSlJJrrbWfyFp9oA/s4000/20220803_111953.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="1868" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifl2_ph-xsqJPyRJqcC6L8SBlCirl5navAS7DwupkRC9bTwItrKtRRDuGc_pa0KlOR8N528-cV7DFKzQrlsG7wfiu-yoeAJfRO-GN3ERwnL7mO8JP2HiZY65Zh3rhOlctVt3yVaMrDLx9fXDKDtW0BZPWztXAPNLlZLw2XodYS_aTSlJJrrbWfyFp9oA/s320/20220803_111953.jpg" width="149" /></a></p><p>Not directly related to the camp theme, one team decided to expand on the introductory LED exercises and build a scale model of a nearby traffic intersection (W. Broad Street and Haycock Road).</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-63701619656360189862022-08-03T23:55:00.039-04:002022-08-12T09:58:22.244-04:00Days 3 and 4 - Project-based, design-driven inquiry<p></p><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEila8DYRPeouL2EtemGV-aJE3njdLnpY1LBWqWg3cCnrpx9Gz-e16bye-fozsWmuPOJv0JnPMEL0vTjmgBowJTIKsjcwkJ2LcMbSdDxlyYL7AXvOFXrR3_Szxifd5u45WBK5Xsb0v258JMHxwZNswgBZ_DIyPalGM4rvEDlk5HNTgDGE-HsZNppbDVZxA/s4000/20220804_115356.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1868" data-original-width="4000" height="149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEila8DYRPeouL2EtemGV-aJE3njdLnpY1LBWqWg3cCnrpx9Gz-e16bye-fozsWmuPOJv0JnPMEL0vTjmgBowJTIKsjcwkJ2LcMbSdDxlyYL7AXvOFXrR3_Szxifd5u45WBK5Xsb0v258JMHxwZNswgBZ_DIyPalGM4rvEDlk5HNTgDGE-HsZNppbDVZxA/s320/20220804_115356.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />With many of our older high school interns present from DC Public Schools, Arlington Public Schools, and Fairfax County Public Schools, participants began deeper collaborations. Some groups pursued a single prototype, and a few worked together on their individual projects. <div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXUkSvFI0HGD8I8dp_exU_3Exi9oU3cGmhTVCx6BBbkv5kw9B08wMXn01dBapD4Fb7n-hGSy74UqKwa3jEHwDn5619Up5TRZLDNTAukR0_KLE8hV2isoFsY-7lRHgVWpAncBmp94dpMz927uA3pbJYcXKAOZ08jBewPn1s-y2nJWtYMP5Cq3YOPZbjSA/s368/3V-pump.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="368" data-original-width="301" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXUkSvFI0HGD8I8dp_exU_3Exi9oU3cGmhTVCx6BBbkv5kw9B08wMXn01dBapD4Fb7n-hGSy74UqKwa3jEHwDn5619Up5TRZLDNTAukR0_KLE8hV2isoFsY-7lRHgVWpAncBmp94dpMz927uA3pbJYcXKAOZ08jBewPn1s-y2nJWtYMP5Cq3YOPZbjSA/w164-h200/3V-pump.jpg" width="164" /></a></div></div><div>Rather than rely on valves, we ordered special 3V water pumps ($3.40 ea) at the request of many, and we look forward to functional prototypes soon.<div><div class="separator"><br /></div></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></div>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-32367084986824726772022-08-02T21:01:00.025-04:002022-08-12T08:52:16.543-04:00Day 2 - designing and building IOT circuits with Arduino micro:bit microcontrollers <p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj3F6gStrAO2viCGgxIQSptKqkvJJ1xKRKIuLp1Xl3ecGZB7mrQuw1EvlC5B5BNVzsVRj7Poe_apWiHObbS2hCXmtqrGiUt0jBEIDE-92DfAH8iYfn9dqMQKfMkmD--ebrcKAkt27t7apO0jV2rPx2XMA0DyeeBY8o-IAfEq7b9VE3EyoV6SovP-h9Og/s4000/20220808_103305.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1868" data-original-width="4000" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj3F6gStrAO2viCGgxIQSptKqkvJJ1xKRKIuLp1Xl3ecGZB7mrQuw1EvlC5B5BNVzsVRj7Poe_apWiHObbS2hCXmtqrGiUt0jBEIDE-92DfAH8iYfn9dqMQKfMkmD--ebrcKAkt27t7apO0jV2rPx2XMA0DyeeBY8o-IAfEq7b9VE3EyoV6SovP-h9Og/w400-h186/20220808_103305.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> After short status reports from each participant, we had an introduction to remote operation and monitoring simulated with serial print commands. <p></p><p>Experienced participants used the micro:bit's built-in radios and Arduino bluetooth or wifi adaptors. One team connected both types of microcontrollers using a Raspberry Pi microprocessor.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnbtZDJzn8ONLC-oAW-Mr2xYV22rGQWaSSG3sryvYa3YsG6G7QCe1HWFcI8Gx9mvuVsVWlJOQP9deLgiAoubzKVqVdPRKR1137Fd03EEiFPq1HmYm_DjNxg3qTI2cwVqlOrG5eHo1pMqu2FbErlXdSvn1v8zGTaHHemN-R42lVDlqyXbu_5dyhpFx5YQ/s4000/20220804_130223.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1868" data-original-width="4000" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnbtZDJzn8ONLC-oAW-Mr2xYV22rGQWaSSG3sryvYa3YsG6G7QCe1HWFcI8Gx9mvuVsVWlJOQP9deLgiAoubzKVqVdPRKR1137Fd03EEiFPq1HmYm_DjNxg3qTI2cwVqlOrG5eHo1pMqu2FbErlXdSvn1v8zGTaHHemN-R42lVDlqyXbu_5dyhpFx5YQ/w400-h186/20220804_130223.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>Other teams began exploring agricultural and environmental monitoring adaptations to familiar VEX, Parallax, Kiktronic, and other platforms int he Lab.<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2069502815209206310.post-83355942215886991782022-08-01T19:47:00.034-04:002022-08-12T09:43:28.226-04:00Camp Day 1 - Basic electronic circuits useful in ag and environmental monitoring<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigf6bpfZgnDCimyb8bxYWLSWDXQz5mec96-3qDIQaEzB-b9dauWPqp29WEeZxAYdGK4ss4GYFDrbhQpYo6rtIOChuq-0UtUyXKAo8aa7pT_J8j5USRb9L2GiwfOC3WahsJsOIaU4PuWICeUDB23muCmzWikgxYF9nQLira8gfCe5y70Y2SroQiRImJ8A/s1024/Uno-traffic%20light-Instructables.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="666" data-original-width="1024" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigf6bpfZgnDCimyb8bxYWLSWDXQz5mec96-3qDIQaEzB-b9dauWPqp29WEeZxAYdGK4ss4GYFDrbhQpYo6rtIOChuq-0UtUyXKAo8aa7pT_J8j5USRb9L2GiwfOC3WahsJsOIaU4PuWICeUDB23muCmzWikgxYF9nQLira8gfCe5y70Y2SroQiRImJ8A/s320/Uno-traffic%20light-Instructables.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> In our first day we introduce IoT physical computing components such as sensors, indicators and other actuators, and bluetooth and wifi adaptors. And then we get participants brainstorming what they might build. <p></p><p>Day 1 exercises are done with Arduino Uno R3's, with breadboards to attach LEDs. We often begin with building and then programming a simple traffic light, and then add alarm buzzers (indicators), and other actuators such as doors, gates, and drive trains driven by servo motors. </p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><br /><p></p><p><br /></p>Jimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15376189276601187930noreply@blogger.com